Search for the term “resume lies” on the Internet and you’ll find a range of studies quoted, saying that between a third to over half of resumes include misrepresentations of some kind. Worst of all, it seems that employers are assuming that candidates are not telling the whole truth; many are investing time and money gathering information from references and researching candidates on social media. This means that there’s a high likelihood of being caught in a lie, big or small, and that employers are probably not very forgiving of these lies either.

Why do people lie?

My experience working with job seekers has shown me that people don’t necessarily misrepresent themselves out of greed, laziness or a lack of morality. I have met many job seekers who have been struggling to find work over a long period of time, and have become worn down, fearful and desperate to do whatever it takes to get back in the workplace. They’ve often tried unsuccessfully to be totally honest. Many say that employers are sometimes dishonest in how they describe the job and pay, leading them to feel a little less guilty about not representing themselves absolutely truthfully.

Many of the job seekers I meet have a lot to offer a job, but fear being overlooked because of difficulties over which they did not have control, which might include:

• work history gaps (due to a health problem or family reasons, for example)
• lack of specific experience (for example, an employer wants 5 years, but the candidate has 3)
• being over or under qualified (for example, an internationally trained doctor who wants to work as a medical assistant)
• having a specific skill at a certain level (the difference between intermediate and advanced Excel skills, for example)

Is it worthwhile to lie on a resume?

Probably not. Putting aside all moral claims about lying for a moment — it’s not even practical to do so. More than ever, employers have access to a number of tools to help them verify the validity of a resume. These include thorough reference checking, surveying social media (LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter), criminal and other background checks (e.g. checking membership in professional association, verifying accreditation with licensing bodies, utilizing services such as HireRight.com). The result of being caught in a lie can be dire, with candidates risking the possibility of developing a reputation of dishonesty that might affect future positions with other employers.

So, what do I do to overcome resume problems?

Obviously, do your best to identify your barriers and tackle them. For example, the impact of a gap in recent work history can be reduced with doing some volunteer work and/or taking a course. Specific skills and experience can also be gained through volunteer work.

Second, figure out the best way to tackle the barriers head on, being as honest and detailed as you can, but not unnecessarily so.

Some ideas:

• Work history gaps:
  • Include all volunteer and course work on the resume, in chronological order; if you are presently doing a course or have recently completed one, list your education before your employment
  • Always list dates, though not necessarily months; simply list the years in which you did each job
  • Rather than lying or ignoring the truth, try to explain the gaps in simple unapologetic language

• Spotty work history (multiple short-term jobs):
  • If you worked for an agency, list the contracts together under one title; for example “Office Administrator, various contracts via ABC Agency, 2009-2013”
  • If you cannot combine the jobs, label them as “contracts” [Office Administration (contract), XYZ Company, 2013-2014″]
  • Leave out the especially short jobs — no need to include everything
  • Consider a Functional Resume, though it’s not always recommended for all sectors

• Irrelevant work history (career change):
  • Identify the skills you need to showcase and highlight them under each job
  • A Functional Resume allows for candidates to showcase their transferable skills
  • If you have completed a recent course that gave you the training and certification for the your new career, list them ahead of your work history

Finally, probably the most effective way to deal with problems on a resume is to make sure that the employer hears about you, or — even better — meets you BEFORE reading your resume. That way, you can make the first impression and explain your background, rather than that two-page piece of paper that is your resume.